FOR UPCD MAY 2011 REVIEW STUDENTS ONLY PART 2

HOT OFF THE PRESS! HERE’S THE ANSWER KEY FOR SETS 6 TO 9. FOR THOSE WHO GAVE ME QUESTIONS FROM THEIR OWN REVIEWER, WILL TRY TO RESEARCH ON THOSE PA. WILL POST HERE AS WELL OR WILL CONTACT YOU VIA THE EMAIL ADDRESSES YOU PROVIDED. – DOC T

SET 6

1. A
2. B
3. B
4. C – Neostigmine is an anticholinesterase, not an anti-sialogogue
5. C
6. D – Prior to surgery, oral hypoglycemics should be omitted and diabetes should be managed with insulin. Aspirin and oral anticoagulants will impair blood clotting and have to be discontinued.
7. B – this pertains to 1 carpule
8. A – The ASA Physical Status Classification are the ff: P1 = normal, healthy patient, P2 = patient w/ mild systemic disease, P3 = patient with severe systemic disease, P4 = patient with severe systemic disease that is a constant threat to life, P5 = a moribund patient that is not expected to survive without the operation, P6 = declared brain dead patient whose organs are being removed for donor purposes. (First Aid for the NBDE part 2)
9. C
10. D – Please see explanation for #8 for the ASA Classification. If a procedure is an emergency, the physical status is followed by an “E” (i.e. 4E)
11. C
12. D – See #8
13. C
14. A
15. A
16. B
17. D – Stage I = Amnesia and analgesia, Stage II = Delerium & Excitement, Stage III = Surgical Anesthesia (This stage has 3 planes: Light, Medium (ideal plane for surgical procedures) & Deep, Stage IV = Medullary paralysis (First Aid for the NBDE Part 2)
18. D
19. D
20. C
21. D
22. A
23. C
24. B
25. C
26. C
27. A – Antibiotics which targets the bacterial cell wall includes cephalosporins & penicillins—and are considered bactericidal.  Examples of Protein Synthesis Inhibitors (B) are aminoglycosides, tetracycline—antibiotics under this class are mostly bacteriostatics. C – obviously wrong since bacteria don’t undergo photosynthesis. Again, this option is one of my imbento L (Lippincot’s Pharmacology)
28. B
29. C
30. D – See #17
31. D – The patient retains the ability to respond to physical stimuli and verbal command
32. B
33. B
34. B
35. B
36. B – Acetaminophen has no effect on platelets or in the coagulation pathways
37. C
38. D
39. A – All the other choices are general anesthesia agents
40. A
41. A
42. B
43. D
44. D
45. B
46. C – Insulin INCREASES or promotes protein synthesis
47. A
48. C
49. C
50. D – it is a prototype depolarizing neuromuscular blocking drug. All the others are considered spasmolytic drugs or skeletal muscle relaxants. (Dental Decks for Pharmacology 2001)
51. A – It’s a CNS & PNS depressant
52. C
53. C
54. C
55. D
56. C – the 4^th element should be hyporeflexia (elevated body temperature). In local anesthesia, only 3 elements are met: analgesia, relaxation and hyporeflexia. Narcosis can only be reached when local anesthetics are given in a toxic does or via IV. (Dental Decks for Pharmacology 2001)
57. D
58. B
59. B
60. B – This occurs after the initial event in a vasovagal syncope episode
61. B
62. C – let’s do some math J : 70 lb x 3.5 mg (max allowable dose/lb) = 245mg (max allowable dose for patient based on weight). 245mg ÷36mg = approx. 7 carpules
63. A
64. D
65. B
66. D
67. D
68. A
69. A
70. A

SET 7

1. A – On occasion, the permanent incisors ‘spread out’ due to spacing. In the older literature, is called by the ‘ugly duckling stage.’ With the eruption of the permanent canines, the spaces often will close.
2. A or B – they’re just the same, one of the numerous typo errors L
3. D
4. B
5. B – The most common spaces in the deciduous dentition are those mesial to the maxillary deciduous canine and distal to the mandibular deciduous canine. These spaces are called “primate spaces” and are characteristic of deciduous dentition
6. A – The transitional malalignment during the exchange period of the upper incisors is called the “Ugly Duckling Stage” which is corrected later when the canines erupt and the pressure is transferred from the roots to the crowns of the incisors
7. B – In bimaxillary protrusion, molar relations are normal but both the jaws are placed anteriorly
8. B – An exaggerated mesial step leads to Class III malocclusion, while distal step terminal plane always leads to Class II occlusion
9. D – Braner and Holt classified tongue thrust habit. Type III: Deforming lateral tongue thrust has the ff. subgroups:1)posterior openbite 2) posterior crossbite 3) deep overbite
10. D – Some children rest their hand on the mandibular anteriors during the sucking act. In such children, lingual tipping of mandibular incisors can be expected (Master Dentistry Vol. 2)
11. C – During sleep, drinking & swallowing process is slowed down significantly. Salivary flow is also decreased, thus nursing bottle caries occur.
12. A – The child’s first dental visit and oral examination should take place by at least one year of age or as soon as the primary teeth start erupting. This early dental visit helps the dentist and the parents to discuss ways to nurture excellent oral health before any serious problem develops. Previously, it was considered to have the first dental visit by three years of age because by then, the child would have grown enough space to cooperate with the dentist for examination
13. D
14. A
15. B
16. C – Maxillary second primary molar resembles the maxillary first permanent molar. Mandibular second primary molar resembles the mandibular second permanent molar
17. B – Maxillary second primary molar resembles the mandibular first permanent molar. Maxillary second primary molar resembles the maxillary first permanent molar. Maxillary and mandibular second permanent molar do not resemble any permanent tooth
18. D – Extreme curvature of the buccal side is characteristic of mandibular primary molar. The buccal curvature of maxillary first primary molar is not as prominent as the mandibular first primary molar
19. A
20. A – Removable appliances has a disadvantage that uncooperative patients may not wear the appliance or they may be lost or broken by the patient
21. B – Distal step is the primary dentition equivalent of Angle’s Class II. Mesial step is Angle’s Class I.
22. D – An equivalent of Class III is almost never seen in the primary dentition because of the normal pattern of craniofacial growth in which the mandible lags behind the maxilla.
23. B
24. B
25. D
26. A
27. C
28. C
29. D
30. B
31. C – If the child is allergic to penicillin, the alternatives are: Clindamycin (20mg/kg 1 hour before procedure), Cephalexin or Cephadroxil (50 mg/kg 1 hour before procedure) and Azithromycin or Clarithromycin (15 mg/kg 1 hour before procedure)
32. B
33. C
34. B
35. B – Class II fractures (Ellis Classification) means dentin is involved but no pulp involvement
36. C – Primary incisors do not begin mineralizing until 3-4 months after birth. Primary molars mineralize at 3.5 – 6 months of pregnancy, primary incisors at 3 – 4 months of pregnancy. Permanent molars begin mineralizing at 7 – 8 months of pregnancy. They are the only permanent teeth for which mineralization can be affected by events during pregnancy
37. B
38. C – Direct pulp capping is primarily used on permanent teeth. The reason why it is not widely used on primary teeth is because of the alkaline pH of CaOH. CaOH can irritate the pulp, most often severely which can lead to internal resorption
39. B – Class II – soft & hard palate but not the alveolar process, Class III – same as Class II with alveolar process involvement on 1 side of the premaxilla, Class IV – soft palate & continues through the alveolus on both sides of the premaxilla
40. D
41. A – Better prognosis can be obtained by serial extraction in Class I malocclusions because the dentition is basically in a favorable relationship and successful treatment is possible with a minimum of mechanotreatment
42. D – Ideal conditions for serial extraction also include minimal overbite, a facial pattern that is orthognathic or with a slight alveolodental protrusion is present and crowding in the deciduous dentition
43. C – Other MDAs are: Hixon and Old Father’s method, Nance Carey’s, Moyer’s MDA and Total Space Analysis
44. D – In this analysis, the size of the unerupted permanent cuspids and premolars are predicted from the knowledge of the sizes of certain permanent teeth already erupted in the mouth
45. A
46. A – The mandibular incisors are measured to predict the size of maxillary as well as mandibular teeth
47. A
48. B
49. B – Peck and Peck ratio is used to determine whether lower incisor teeth are excessively wider mesiodistally. Mga green minded na tumawa last time, this is NOT what your think, OK?
50. B
51. B – Dimethacrylate is bis-GMA, a component of composites. GI was initially explored as PFS but they lack abrasion resistance and were easily lost. Polyurethane – varnish, cyanoacrylate – material of early sealants but these sealant were clear and hard to detect during clinical examination
52. A
53. C
54. D – Chronological age is the most obvious and easily determined developmental age which is simply figured from the child’s date of birth
55. B
56. D
57. A – The basic fear of most children under the age of 2 years is separation anxiety
58. D
59. A – HOME (hand-over-mouth exercise) and voice control are used to manage children showing disruptive behavior. When a child is crying uncontrollably, these methods are used to muffle the noise so that the dentist can convey whatever has to be conveyed
60. D
61. A – Class I > Class II > Class III
62. C – Point A in cephalometrics is also called the subspinale
63. C – Porion (Po) – outer upper margin of the external auditory canal. Point B – innermost point on contour of mandible between the incisor tooth and bony chin. Pogonion (Pog) – most anterior point of the contour of the chin. Gonion (Go) – lowest most posterior point on the mandible with the teeth in occlusion
64. C – Myofunctional or functional appliances are those which activate the patient’s own muscles to function in such a manner which is conducive to orodental health
65. A – Passive appliances maintain the integrity of the arches or redirect natural forces to bring about desired changes. i.e bite planes, occlusal splints and retainers
66. B – Formocresol should not be used in permanent teeth
67. B – The action of CaOH in apexification is it promotes formation of a hard substance at the apex which would eventually allow obturation of the root canal
68. A – pH level of common fluorides used in dentistry: APF – 3 to 3.5, NaF – 9.2, SnF₂ – 2.1 to 2.3. Obviously options C & D is wrong kasi “acidulated” nga e. A pH of more than 7 pertains to a basic or alkaline substance
69. A
70. D – EPT is not routinely done in the primary teeth since these teeth do not respond to such test reliably. Thermal test is suggested to be the most reliable test in this case

SET 8

1. B – aka Philippine Act of 1965
2. D
3. C – aka Philippine Dental Hygienist Law (June 20, 1952)
4. B – There are 4 degrees of supervision of auxiliaries: General Supervision : dentist has authorized the procedures & they are being carried out in accordance with the diagnosis and treatment plan completed by the dentist Indirect supervision : the dentist in the dental office, authorizes the procedure and remains in the dental office when the procedures are being performed by the auxiliary Direct supervision : the dentists is in the office personally diagnosed the condition to be treated, personally authorizes the condition to be treated & evaluates the performance of the auxiliary before the px is dismissed Personal supervision : The dentist personally operates and authorizes the auxiliary to aid in the treatment
5. C – Art II Sec 12 of the Board Resolution No. 14 states that records should be in the dentist’s safekeeping for at least 10 years
6. A – Art II Sec. 12.3 Board Resolution No. 14
7. D
8. B – In contrast, an “open panel” enables patients to select the dentist of their choice—they can pay directly to the dentist and get reimbursed from the company or assign payment directly to the dentist
9. D – may be displayed separately in the dentist’s private office only as stated in Art II Sec. 12.5 Board Resolution No. 14
10. A – The receiving dentist should generate his own record as baseline info for the treatment
11. D – As appeared in Art III Secs. 20 – 21 Board Resolution No. 14 on advertising
12. C
13. A
14. D
15. D – Under Article II Section 6(f) of RA 9484, [The Board] Supervise and regulate the registration, licensure and practice of dentistry, dental hygiene and dental technology in the Philippines
16. D – Recall appointments are schedule at the time when the patients are about to leave the clinic. The dental staff (often the receptionist) advises the patient of the need for a follow-up appointment and convinces him/her to book and appointment in advance. The preferred schedule is logged into the appointment book and the appointment is confirmed weeks or a day before the scheduled appointment
17. B
18. C – This means that the dentist has a duty to respect the patient’s rights to self-determination and confidentiality
19. C – The term “nonmaleficence” derives from the ancient maxim “primum non nocere”, which, translated from the Latin, means “first, do no harm.”
20. C
21. D – To eliminate the other choices: A = Patient records should not be segregated by economic status i.e. For collection, B = Financial records and insurance claim forms should not be included in the patient’s record—they should be kept in a separate file, C = dental records should be private and confidential
22. B – The Philippine Dental Act of 2007 is an act governing Dental Professionals, Dental Technicians and Dental Hygienists. C is correct as stated in Art III Sec 24 of RA 9484
23. D
24. A
25. B
26. D
27. D
28. D
29. D – First things first, the PRC personnel has no right to refuse an individual to apply to take the Dentistry Board Exam. Only the Board of Dentistry can do that but only after investigation by the Board. Also, the applicant should be informed about the refusal through writing
30. C – Entries in the appointment book should be made in pencil and the paper of the pages should be of high quality to allow erasures should any change in the appointments arise
31. A
32. C
33. D
34. C
35. D – Art III Sec 24 of RA 9484 enumerated those who can be given special or temporary permit to practice Dentistry in the Philippines
36. D
37. C – Penal provision as stated in Art V Sec 33 of RA 9484 may be fine in the amount given above or imprisonment for the period given above or both, under the court’s discretion
38. C
39. D
40. A
41. C – a, b and c fall under administrative expenses, including licensing and permits, repairs and maintenance of equipment, taxes, phone bills. Payroll is under personnel expenses
42. B – Art I Sec. 5 of Board Resolution No. 14 states that the dentist should establish his/her professional fees rendering due dignity to the profession
43. D
44. A
45. D
46. C
47. C – This is true as stated in Board Resolution No. 14 Art II Sec 12.2
48. D
49. B – In dentistry, malpractice may be defined in terms of acts of omission and acts of commission. An act of omission is failure to perform an act that a “reasonable and prudent professional” would perform. Now a reasonable & prudent dentist always obtain an informed consent (in some cases kahit implied consent lang) from the patient before proceeding with any treatment. Even if the treatment turned out right initially, a px can always sue you for malpractice if something wrong happens and he/she feels that your treatment has something to do with it.
50. D
51. A
52. B
53. D
54. D
55. D
56. C
57. C – The dental staff include the dentist who is not considered as a dental auxiliary
58. D
59. D
60. B – A dentist is not considered as part of dental auxiliaries
61. C
62. A – Capital items are major pieces of equipment in the dental clinic. These items can be used longer than 2 years
63. D
64. C – MSDS describes the physical & chemical properties of the chemical, physical and health hazards with its use.  It is recommended the MSDS of potentially hazardous chemical are kept in the clinic
65. D – Mr. Smith (A) is eligible to take the boards since foreigners are allowed to take the Philippine dental board exam provided that their country allow Filipinos to take their board exam too. In Mr. Santos’ (B) case, the immoral act associated with him is still a rumor and he was not convicted yet—making him still eligible to take the dental boards. Should he be convicted later on, the Board can revoke his license. There’s no impediment for Mr. Pu (C) to take the dental board exams. D – Mr. Yllana should take a refresher course required after failing 3 consecutive licensure examinations
66. D
67. D
68. C – If you answered B, you should have read the qualifications carefully: Art II Sec. 7d states “Have at least 10 years of continuous experience as a dentist and preferably with 3 years of teaching experience. Thus the teaching experience is just preferred, not required
69. A
70. D

SET 9

1. B – Normal sulcus depth is 1-3mm. A – Under absolutely normal or ideal conditions
2. C – Fibers of the attached gingiva arise from the periosteal surface of the of the alveolar crest and the cervical area of the cementum. (Avery – Oral Development & Histology)
3. A
4. B
5. C – It may also be preceded by URTI
6. B
7. C
8. D
9. D
10. B – Risk factors are defined as characteristics, behavioral aspects or environmental exposures associated with a specific disease. The association may or may not be causal. B – predisposing factor
11. B
12. A
13. B
14. D – Disinfection of gutta percha points are done by immersing the points in full-strength sodium hypochlorite for 1 minute.
15. D
16. D – Paraformaldehyde is one of the ingredients of devitalization pastes used in temporary/ emergency pulpotomy
17. D
18. B
19. B
20. D
21. B – Loe & Silness’s Gingival index: 0 = normal; 1 = mild inflammation, slight change in color, no BOP; 2 = moderate inflammation, redness, erythema and hypertrophy, bleeding; 3 = severe inflammation, marked redness, hypertophy, ulceration and spontaneous bleeding
22. B – Invasive indices that rely solely on bleeding as a measure of gingival inflammation have limited use in public health practice that’s why non-invasive indices like MGI (modified gingival index) are preferred. MGI uses a visual scale to assess gingival health. (Prevention in Clinical Oral Health Care by Cappelli)
23. B
24. D
25. C
26. D – Interdental papilla is non-keratinized
27. D
28. C
29. A – gingiva that appears clinically normal invariably exhibits inflammation when microscopically examined
30. A
31. C
32. C
33. D
34. D
35. A
36. D
37. A
38. A
39. A
40. D
41. C
42. C
43. D
44. C
45. B
46. C
47. C
48. C
49. B
50. D
51. B
52. A
53. A
54. C
55. A
56. B
57. B
58. B
59. C
60. D – both are normal inhabitants of the oral cavity
61. C
62. B
63. C – specifically actinomycoces spp & streptococci spp
64. C
65. D
66. A
67. A
68. C – The tooth is dead already! It should not respond to any thermal test. Ano yun, moo-moo?
69. C
70. C – Reaming produces a round tapered preparation